Cammin Casket - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cammin_Casket
Metal: sterling silver (925)
Weight: approx. 19 g (0,67 oz)
The Younger Futhark, commonly referred to as "Normal Runes," emerged as a refined iteration of the Elder Futhark, the earlier form of the Runic alphabet. This development occurred gradually over an extensive period, spanning several years of linguistic and cultural evolution. By around 800 A.D., coinciding with the onset of the Viking Age, the Younger Futhark had reached a state of relative stability and standardization. It gained prominence as the primary script used in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark during this significant historical era.
However, the rise of Christianity and its subsequent spread across Scandinavia brought about a gradual decline in the use of the Younger Futhark. The Latin alphabet, associated with Christian religious texts and the growing influence of the Church, started to supplant the traditional runic script. By approximately 1200, the Latin alphabet had largely replaced the Younger Futhark, marking a profound transition in written communication within the region. This transition was fueled by the conversion of the Scandinavian population to Christianity, leading to a shift in the preferred script used for written expression.
It is noteworthy that the Younger Futhark exhibited distinct regional variations within the three main areas where it was employed: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The Danish runes, observed in the first row of the runic alphabet, possessed their own unique characteristics and forms. The Norwegian runes, represented in the second row, developed their individual traits and were widely utilized in Norway during the Viking Age. In Sweden, the third row of runes, commonly known as the Swedish runes, was alternatively referred to as Short-twig or Rök Runes, denoting a specific adaptation of the runic script in that region.
In contrast, the Elder Futhark holds the distinction of being the earliest known form of the Runic alphabet. It originated among the Germanic peoples, including those residing in various parts of Europe, including Scandinavia. The Elder Futhark likely served as the foundation for subsequent versions of the runic script that emerged over time. The names assigned to the individual runic letters are derived from the Common Germanic language, a reconstructed precursor that forms the ancestral basis of the diverse Germanic languages spoken today.
In summary, the Younger Futhark evolved as a refined variant of the Elder Futhark, finding prominence during the Viking Age before gradually being supplanted by the Latin alphabet due to the spread of Christianity. The Younger Futhark exhibited regional variations in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, while the Elder Futhark represents the oldest known form of the Runic alphabet utilized by Germanic peoples.
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